RIVER VALLEY HIGH SCHOOL
ART
This contents of this page is contributed by my fellow Artist friend, Ms Desiree Tham.
SEE-THINK-WONDER
See-Think-Wonder is a thinking routine that guides you to read and analyse artworks through an inquiry process. The three-step process guides you through a series of questions that allow you to seek deeper observations in an Artwork.

SEE
THINK
Wonder
Art Vocab
Use these vocab to describe visual qualities
Elements of Art:
Colours . Lines . Shapes . Texture . Form . Value . Dots
Analogous Colours
A color scheme consisting of or limited to adjacent hues on the color wheel.
Interpretive color
Color chosen to represent an emotional atmosphere or idea rather than the visual reality of the object.
Tint
A light value of color made by adding white.
Interpretive values
Use of values to convey an idea rather than to represent accurately the degrees of light and dark accurately seen in an image from the three-dimensional world.
Intimate Colour
A hue between a primary and a secondary on the color wheel such as yellow-green, a mixture of yellow and green.
Pigment
A substance that reflects the same as color. Used to describe painting medium.
Tones
Neutrals of colors; relative neutral scale.
Monochromatic Colours
Having a color scheme based on a single hue, perhaps accents of another color or neutral colors.
Cross-hatching Lines
Technique for shading using two or more crossed sets of parallel lines.
horizon line
the distant point at which sky and ground appear to meet.
Gestural Lines
The use of gesture line allows the artist to capture a subject's movement, form, and character. There is a sense of power, excitement, and life within a form found just below its surface.
Geometric Shape
Usually man-made shapes that are precise exist. Triangles, squares, circles, and the like.
Organic Shape
Organic shapes are irregular and imperfect. Naturally these shapes will all be slightly different from one another.
Colour Interaction
The relative differences between colors as they react to one another in different environs.
Gradation
Compositional term referring to the transition from one form to another by changes in value.
Warm Colours
Colors whose relative visual temperature makes them seem warm.
Cool Colours
Colors whose relative visual temperature makes them seem more restrained in temperature.
Tonal Range
The degree to which a work (particularly a photograph) approaches the full range of values from black through grays and white.
Hue
The pure state of any color; the name by which a colour is called.
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Toning
Changing the color of a surface to create a base on which to work.
Value
The range of possible lightness or darkness within a given medium
Form
(1) In two-dimensional work, a figure that appears to be three-dimensional; sometimes called “mass” or “volume” (2) In three-dimensional art, the area confined by the contours of a piece; sometimes called “shape” (3) The overall organization of a work.
Implied Line
A perceived continuation of images or symbols that imply a line.
Symbolic Line
A line or combination of lines that stands for, or remind us of, something within our realm of knowledge
Font
A complete set of type of one size and one variation of a typeface.
Texture
The quality of being tactile, or being able to feel a rough or smooth type of surface.theory - The examination of information that often ends in a plausible assumption or conclusion.
Colour Scheme
The result of comparing one thing to another and seeing the difference.
Intensity
The relative purity or grayness of a color. Saturation of color.
Saturation
A measure of the relative brightness and purity or grayness of a color.
Subjective Colour
- Use of color to create a certain effect rather than to
Soft Edge
A blurred boundary between areas sometimes rendered even less distinct by similarities in color and values.
Expressive Line
Quality or variation of a line made with any media.
Grey Scale
A graded range of equal steps of gray between white and black.
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Mid Tone
A color or a gray of medium value
eye-level line
The imagined art line we “see” when we look straight ahead from left to right.
Line Art
Black-and-White copy with no variations in value. Suitable for reproduction without halftone screen.
Simulated texture
The real quality of a tactile surface being copied or imitated.
organic form
Shapes or forms that are free flowing and non-geometric.
Use these vocab to describe compositions
Principles of Design
Contrast . Balance . Emphasis . Proportion .
Hierachy . Space . Unity . Movement
Contrast
The result of comparing one thing to another and seeing the difference.
Exaggeration
Increasing or enlarging an object or figure to communicate idea or feelings.
High Contrast
Polarization of the normal ranges of values toward the extremes of dark and light.
Low Contrast
Predominant use of medium values in a work
Simultaneous Contrast
Juxtaposition of complementary hues, creating such optical allusions as intensification of each hue and vibrations along the edge where they touch.
High Key
Use of pale or light values within an area or surface.
Low Key
Consistent use of dark values within an area.
Proximity
Visually grouping by similarity in spatial location.
Scale
The proportion between two sets of dimensions.
Layout
The hand-rendered plan for a piece to be printed.
Subject
A topic or idea represented in an artwork.
Void
A hole, or negative form, in a three-dimensional piece.
Volume
Space enclosed by and defined by mass
Synergy
A process in which two or more elements interact to create effects of which they are individually incapable.
Principles
Ways the pats or elements are used, arranged, or manipulated to create the composition of the design; how to use the parts.
directional
Telling the eye which way to look
Picture plane
The flat surface of a two-dimensional design, possessing height and width, but no depth.
Middle-ground
In a two dimensional work that creates the illusion of a three dimensionality, the area that appears to lie in a middle distance between the foreground and background.
Balance
The distribution of the visual weight of design elements.
Focal Point
Area of an artwork that attracts the viewer’s attention first. Contrast, location, isolation, convergence and the unusual are used to create focal points.
Horizontal Balance
Balancing of the right and left sides of a composition in terms of visual weight
Symmetrical Balance
Formal balance where two sides of a design are identical.
Asymmetrical Balance
The distribution of shapes of different visual weights over a picture plane to create an overall impression of balance.
Vertical Balance
Balancing o f the visual weight of upper and lower areas of composition
Radial Balance
Created by repetitive equilibrium of elements radiating from a center point
Placement
Compositions that develop an illusion of the three-dimensional world on a two dimensional surface.
Rhythm
A particular visual “beat” marking the movement o the viewer’s eye through a work, often established by repetition of similar or varying elements.
Justify
To aligns lines of type that are equal in length so both edges of the column are straight.
Variety
The changing of the original character of any element diversity
Visual Weight
The illusion of relative weight in a portion of a work of art.
Two-point Perspective
Spatial rendering of a figure whose visible sides recedes toward two vanishing points.
Vanishing Point
The seen or implies spot in the distance where all lines perpendicular to the picture plane would appear to meet if extended.
One-point Perspective
Spatial rendering of a figure whose sides recede toward a single vanishing point.
Pattern
A coherent visual structure, usually created by repetition or similar design elements.
Flat composition
Two-dimensional designs that eliminate all clues to depth.
Background
In a two-dimensional work that creates an illusion of three-dimensionality, the area that appears farthest from the observer; also called ground or field.
Emphasis
The main element or focal point; what the viewer’s eye should see first.
Harmony
Pleasing arrangement of elements of design in a work of art.
Interlock
To fit together like pieces in jigsaw puzzle.
Space
Space can be the area around, within or between images or elements. Space can be created on a two-dimensional surface by using such techniques as overlapping, object size, placement, color intensity and value, detail and diagonal lines.
Space division
Space divided by the used of positive and negative shapes.
Space
Space around an object or form.
Repetition
Use of similar lines, shapes, forms, textures, values, or colors to unify a design.
Tension
Opposing forces, push-pull, Ying-Yang.
Randomised Pattern
A pattern affect because it is a repeated shape of motif, but can be scattered or not controlled as in an all-over pattern. Less formal.
Rhythmic divices
Systems of alignments in which to place elements to create a “visual beat”
Unity
The effect of all the principles being in harmony with one another, creating the feeling of wholeness.
Proportion
The relative measurements or dimensions of parts or a portion of the whole.
Vanishing Point
The seen or implies spot in the distance where all lines perpendicular to the picture plane would appear to meet if extended.
Relativity
The degree of comparison of one thing to another. How does ‘a’ compare to ‘c’; then what is the comparison of ‘a’ to ‘c’.
Linear Perspective
Technique of creating the illusion of depth on a flat surface. The lines of buildings and other objects converge to a vanishing point on a horizon line (viewer’s eye level)
Position
Placement of an image relative to the picture plan, a consideration that may affect where the image appears to lie in space.
Middle-ground
In a two dimensional work that creates the illusion of a three dimensionality, the area that appears to lie in a middle distance between the foreground and background.
Style & Medium
Examples
Painting . Abstract . Sculpture . Surreal . Collage
Analog
A signal that may be varied continuously. Computers cannot process this kind of signal so their information must be converted to digital. Analog refers to everything in the real, non-computerized world.
Bas-relief
Sculpture on which part of the surface projects from a flat plane.
Calligraphy
The art of beautiful writing. Broadly, a controlled flowing use of line referred to as “calligraphic”
Choke
- A method of altering the thickness of a letter or solid shape, used in trapping to ensure proper registration of colors.
Comics
Juxtaposed pictorial and other images in deliberate sequence, intended to convey information and/or produce an aesthetic response.
Conceptual art
Works in which the idea or concept is primary and more important than form.
Cubism
- An early 20th century art movement dominated by Picasso and Braque, distinguished by its experiments with analyzing forms into planes seen from many sides as once and by liberation of art from representational depictions. Flattened pictorial space, and figure-ground ambiguity.
Diptych
A work consisting of two panels side by side.
Expressionism
Technique for shading using two or mThe broad term that describes emotional art, most often boldly executed and making free use of distortion and arbitrary color. Artists dealing with inner feelings rather than outer reality. Art movements- German Expressionism, Abstract Expressionism. In music: Punk and improvised jazz.ore crossed sets of parallel lines.
Feminist Art
In opposition to the purity and exclusivity of Modernism, feminism called for an expansive approach to art. The feminist use of narrative, autobiography, decoration, ritual, craft-as-art, and popular culture helped catalyze the development of Postmodernism.
Futurism
A movement initiated in Italy in 1909 to sweep aside all artistic conventions and captured the qualities of modern industrialized life in a Cubist like construction.
Metaphor
A figure of speech or visual presentation in which a work, phrase, or image is used in place of another to suggest a likeness between them, while in the process formulating a new concept for the imagination.
Juxtaposition
To aligns lines of type that are equal in length so both edges of the column are straight.
Pop Art
A movement beginning in the late 1950’s that uses objects and images from the commercial culture.
Icon
Any image used to represent a person, place, thing or idea.
Scrumbling
Putting one layer of opaque paint on top of another in such a way that the under layers partially show through.
Impressionism
An art movement originating in late 19th century France centered on direct responses to light and color.
Motif
A distinctive recurring shape (or combination of shapes).
applied art and design
Disciplines that use the principles and elements of design to create functional pieces for commercial use.
Bit-map
- A test character or image comprised of dots. A bit map is the set of bits representing the position of items forming an image on the display screen.
Casting
The substitution of one material for another by means of a mold.
Classicism
Movements, periods, and impulses in Western art that prized qualities of harmony and formal restraint. Traditionally contrasted with Romanticism.
Computer graphics
Rapidly changing and expanding areas using various techniques for creating two-dimensional artworks on a computer.
Constructivism
Early 20th century Russian Constructivism emerged from Picasso and Braque’s experiments with Cubism. Influenced ways of thinking about art in relation to art and technology. Its rational approach influenced graphic design, minimalist sculpture and painting.
Dada
An anti-rational, anti-aesthetic, art movement begun in 1916. Marcel Duchamp, Jean Arp major figures. Although over seventy years old Dada reverberates through contemporary popular culture.
Distortion
Changing an object’s usual shape to communicate ideas and feelings.
Fantasy
Imagery existing only in the imagination
Fine Arts
Disciplines involving the creation of artwork principally for aesthetic appreciation.
Found Object
Something extracted from its original context and used in creating a work of art.
Impasto
In painting, thick paint applied to a surface in a heavy manner, having the appearance and consistency of buttery paste.
Mixed Media
Combined use of several different techniques- such as drawing, painting, and computer generated imagery- in a single work.
Metamorphosis
An evolution or change from one form or state to another.
Product Design
The design of necessary, functional items in a society
Kitch
Refers to “low art” artifacts of everyday life (paintings of Elvis on velvet, lamps in shape of Eiffel tower etc.)
Semi-Abstract
Type of art in which objects in a work may be partially identifiable as elements of the natural world.
Typography
The art of designing, sizing and combining letter forms on a printed page, For graphic designers a good understanding of the uses of typography is essential.
Assemblage
A three- dimensional composition made from objects originally created for other purposes.
Blind Contour
A contour drawing in which the artist’s eye focuses on the object being represented rather than on the image being created on the drawing surface.
Chiaroscuro
Using contrasts of light and dark to create the illusion of three-dimensional form on a two-dimensional surface.
Collage
Building image using glue to attach paper or other materials to build color and texture. Often used in combination with paint, Picasso was one of the first artists to use as a distinct medium.
Concept
An idea of general notion, as in the underlying meaning of a work of art.
Crafts
Art works that are both decorative and functional. (Weaving, fabric design, jewelry-making, and pottery).
Digitised
To converts an image into a form that can be electronically processed, stored, and reconstructed.​
Mid Tone
A color or a gray of medium value
Environmental design
Functional designs considering natural surroundings.
Fauvism
An art movement of the first decade of the twentieth century, using bold color to express inner qualities rather than superficial appearances of things.
Frottage
French for rubbing; a method in which a positive image is created by placing a paper over an object and rubbing to reproduce its surface.
Graphic Design
Visual communication design for commercial purposes.
Monotype
One of a kinds print made from painted or inked surface.
Pointillism
(1) use of the small dots of carrying colors in painting to create optical color mixtures. (2) A 19th century French school of painting that used this technique.
Ready-made
An object divorced from its usual function and presented as a work of art.
Photorealism
A style of art that mimics life as the camera sees it.
Surreal
Like pictures from a dream or the unconscious mind